A study on the basis of systematic inventory with random start point as well as measuring such factors as diameter and height of trees, length of crown, percentage of storeys with a height less than 1.30 m and more than 1.30 m, as well as herbaceous species in sample plots, show that despite suitable plantation conditions in Shourab (Even-aged), Jamand (unEven-aged) district, and control plot, Even aged high forest in Shourab district was not fulfilled and it is concluded that applying unEven-aged. High forest method (Selection) in Jamand district was more successful in such a way that mixture and variation of species in regenerations and the number of climax herbaceous species. As well as the number of trees with a crown height less than 50% of half of the tree height and the average of crown and the number of trees per ha. In unEven-age method is more.

This paper investigates the porosity effect on rotating functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) variable-thickness annular disk. Even and unEven porosity distributions for the disk are approximated. The porous annular disk is subjected to the influence of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical loadings. Material coefficients are graded and described as a power law in the radial direction of the annular rotating disk. The resulting differential equation with boundary conditions is solved using the semi-analytical technique. Two cases are studied for the porous annular disk, circular disk, and mounted disk. The effectiveness of the porosity factor and grading index on the temperature, stresses, and displacement are reported. Comparisons between non-porous and porous annular disks for Even and unEven porosity are executed and discussed. The obtained results are presented to conclude the important role of porosity on the rotating variable-thickness annular disk for the purpose of engineering mechanical design.

This paper introduces the  nite element solutions of static de ection and stress values for functionally graded structures by considering variable grading patterns (powerlaw, sigmoid, and exponential), including porosity e ect. Unknown values are obtained through computations via a customized computer code using cubic-order displacement functions considering the varied distributions of porosity (Even and unEven) through the panel thickness. Also, the values are simulated through design software (ANSYS) to establish the present numerical solution accuracy. The comparison and the element sensitivity behavior of the present numerical model are veri ed by solving di erent kinds of numerical examples available in the published domain. At last, the e ects of several geometry-related parameters (aspect ratio, curvature ratio, thickness ratio, porosity index, type of porosity, power-law exponent, geometrical con guration, and support conditions) a ecting the structural sti ness and the corresponding outcomes (de ection and stress) of the Functionally Graded (FG) structure are evaluated and measured using the proposed numerical model.

In order to study the tree growth and natural regeneration of loblolly pine in a 33-year-old plantation in Pylambra region (Guilan province), 1.5 ha of well stocked stand was selected. This study was done as randomized complete block design with three treatments as: T1, low density (15m2 basal area ha-1), T2, medium density (20m2 basal area ha-1) and T3, high density (25m2 basal area ha-1) with four replicates. Soil surface scarification was carried out at the first year. Diameter at breast height, total height of trees in each plot (1000m2), number and height of pine regenerations in subplot with an area about 10 m2 were measured.Results show that the height of Loblolly pine seedlings ranging from 10 to 150 cm were recorded in different treatments but in terms of the height growth, medium density treatment with 182 stem per ha showed better results and the difference with other treatments was statistically significant.

The sd-version of the interacting boson model (IBM) is used to establish the shape phase transitional structure. A simplified Hamiltonian is used which is intermediate between the three dynamical symmetries of U (6), namely the spherical U (5), the prolate and oblate deformed SU (3) and the g-unstable O (6) limits. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) to the IBM Hamiltonian have been obtained using the intrinsic state formalism which introduces the shape variables b and g. The Gadolinium (Gd) and Ruthenium (Ru) isotopic chains have been taken as examples in illustrating the U (5)-SU (3) and U (5) - O (6) shape phase transitions, respectively. We used the standard c2 test to get the IBM Hamiltonian parameters. The fit is performed by minimizing the c2 function for some selected experimental low-lying energy levels, the two neutron separation energies and B (E2) transition rates.

In this paper, we have studied the spectral statistics of 101 Even-Even nuclei in the nearest neighbor spacing distribution framework. Sequences are prepared by using all the latest experimental data for 2+ levels of considered nuclei in the 40 ≥ A≥ 198 mass region. The maximum likelihood estimation technique has been used to extract the Berry-Robnik distribution’ s parameter which explores the regular or chaotic behavior of considered sequences. Sequences are classified as their mass, quadrupole deformation parameter, the energy ratio and the shell model configuration for the last protons and neutrons of all nuclei. Our results suggest a regular dynamics for these Even mass nuclei. Also, the regularity is increased for light nuclei vis-a-vis heavier ones and also the deformed nuclei vis-a-vis spherical ones. Our results show a deviation of chaotic dynamics when the spins of proton levels are decreased or the spins of neutron levels are increased.

Back-bending phenomenon which occurs at high spin states of some heavy mass nuclei has been studied, for the first time, by using the ratio of electromagnetic reduced transition probabilities B(M1) / B(E2) within the Projected Shell Model (PSM). In this model, all angular momenta are projected on the symmetry axis of the deformed nucleus, which makes shell model calculations much easier. The electric quadrupole transition probability  B(E2) and the magnetic dipole transition probability B(M1) are sensitive to the nuclear shape deformation and nuclear charge distribution, respectively. As a result, any change in the nuclear rotation speed can change the transition probability ratios at high spins. Our ratio findings at high state spins in Even - Even 152-164Dy isotopes confirm the previous back-bendings seen in these isotopes, in good agreement wth the experimental data. Increasing spectroscopic quadrupole moments with spin is another high spin phenomenon in heavy mass nuclei studied in this paper. While intrinsic quadrupole moments are constant for each Dy isotope, this study shows that spectroscopic (observed) quadrupole moments are increasing with spin.

Pores affect functionally graded materials. Further characteristics may be added if pores expand from the surface to the interior. Functionally graded porous beam (FGPB) bending response is analyzed using a specific shear shape function that accounts for both uniform and unEven porosity distributions. Power law changes the material characteristics of FGPBs with uniform and unEven porosity distributions along length and thickness. In order to determine the maximum transverse deflections, axial stresses, transverse shear stresses, and normal stresses in simply-supported and clamped-clamped beams, numerical calculations are performed with various gradation exponents, aspect ratios (L/h), and porosity levels (both Even and unEven). The obtained results are compared with earlier investigations and justified.

We show that for each positive integer n, there exist a group G and a subgroup H such that the ordinary depth d(H,G) is 2n. This solves the open problem posed by Lars Kadison whether Even ordinary depth larger than 6 can occur.

Background: The presence of nurses plays a crucial role in ensuring patient safety and delivering necessary nursing care. This study aimed to explore the process of nurses' presence at patients' beds in cancer wards. Methods: Employing a grounded theory approach, this qualitative study was conducted in a cancer ward, involving 34 participants including nurses, patient companions, and hospital staff. Participants were purposefully selected for their involvement. Interactive interviews were conducted for data collection, and data analysis followed the approach proposed by Corbin and Strauss in 2015. Results: The data analysis revealed the core category of "Striving to be with the patient", which encompassed the following axial categories: "Challenges of accompanying patients with diverse needs" (Context), "Striving to be with the patient" (Process), "Motivational factors driving the desire to be with the patient"(Mediating facilitator), "Difficulties encountered in maintaining patient presence"(Mediating inhibitor), and "Mixed feelings of satisfaction and sorrow accompanying the presence" (Outcome). Conclusion: Nurses in oncology wards demonstrate tremendous dedication as they strive to maintain a delicate equilibrium between their own emotional well-being and the diverse needs of their patients. This task can be highly demanding, but through the implementation of customized strategies and drawing inspiration from personal sources, these nurses effectively navigate the emotional challenges associated with patient care.